Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin took the stage at EthTokyo 2025 with reflections that spanned the blockchain’s humble beginnings, the pivotal role of Asia in Ethereum’s growth, and his vision for the network’s future. His talk intertwined history, personal insights, and a forward-looking roadmap—underscoring Ethereum’s mission to bridge communities across East and West.

From Roger Ver’s Era to Institutional Adoption

Buterin opened with a look back at blockchain’s early days. He recalled the era dominated by early Bitcoin evangelists such as Roger Ver, highlighting how grassroots enthusiasm and individual conviction built the foundation of what later became mainstream adoption. Over time, institutional involvement began shaping the ecosystem, bringing both capital and complexity.

Layer 2s, Interoperability, and Scaling Goals

On the technical front, Buterin reiterated his strong belief in Layer 2 solutions as the way forward. Not only do they improve Ethereum’s scalability, but they also enhance interoperability across ecosystems. He went further, declaring an ambitious target: Ethereum aims to scale 10x by next year, pushing throughput and accessibility while preserving decentralization and security.

Asia’s Early Contributions

A recurring theme in Buterin’s remarks was Asia’s outsized role in Ethereum’s history. He recalled how many of the earliest contributors hailed from the region:
The PyEthereum client was developed in China.

Early volunteers quickly began translating the Ethereum whitepaper and technical documentation into multiple Asian languages. Communities in Asia played a crucial role in building awareness and onboarding early adopters. Buterin emphasized how such grassroots efforts helped Ethereum move from an idea into a global phenomenon.

Cultural Contrasts: China and Japan

Buterin also reflected on the contrasting dynamics between Chinese and Japanese developer communities. In China, the push was rapid, large-scale, and often tied to massive projects. In Japan, by contrast, developers showed an ability to adopt emerging technologies early, often experimenting with cutting-edge ideas before they gained international traction.

He pointed to projects like Taco, a Chinese Farcaster brand, which impressed him with its smooth and user-friendly UI.

Patterns of Resetting Technologies

Zooming out, Buterin highlighted one of the recurring patterns he has noticed in technology: new breakthroughs often “reset” the ecosystem. Zero-knowledge (zk) technologies, for example, suddenly unlocked solutions to longstanding problems. He noted how ideas dominating the 2010s differ significantly from those in the 2020s, and predicted the 2030s will bring yet another paradigm shift.

A Call for Broader Builders

While core developers remain essential, Buterin urged the community to expand participation. Ethereum’s progress, he said, should not rest solely on the shoulders of core devs. Instead, researchers, app developers, and new contributors must actively shape the ecosystem.

He encouraged Asian developers and researchers to focus on core technical issues—making Ethereum more efficient, secure, and decentralized. He even suggested that AI could be a powerful tool for learning and onboarding, especially in technical domains.

Bridging East and West

Buterin returned several times to the theme of bridging East and West. He argued that the healthiest communities are those that emphasize shared interests and people-first values, rather than becoming siloed by geography or politics. Ethereum, in his view, remains a platform where global collaboration is not just possible but necessary.

ICOs, DAOs, and the Future of Funding

Interestingly, Buterin revisited the controversial history of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). While acknowledging their flaws, he argued that ICOs enabled projects to be inherently global in a way that venture capital has struggled to replicate—often due to regulatory barriers.

“The VC era,” he suggested, “has been more constrained by regulations, and honestly, you can still get rugged by VCs.” Instead, he believes the future lies in reviving ICOs and DAO-based governance, with a focus on optimizing funding mechanisms that are more open, transparent, and community-driven.

Looking Ahead

Vitalik Buterin’s address at EthTokyo 2025 was both a history lesson and a rallying call. From recalling Asia’s formative role in Ethereum’s early days to setting bold scaling goals for the future, his message was clear: Ethereum thrives when it builds bridges—between technologies, between generations, and between East and West.

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