A few years ago, such a non-permissionless architectural design would often face severe scrutiny from the entire industry regarding its "orthodoxy." But now the market has shifted, and Paradigm has still mobilized massive capital and resources to push Tempo to the testnet.

However, this is not just the narrative of "another L1." When you dissect the underlying logic of Tempo, you will find that while it retains the shell of Ethereum, its core represents a dimensional reduction reconstruction of existing paradigms in Crypto. It signifies the Silicon Valley elite's attempt to correct the utopian concept of the "world computer," shifting towards extreme engineering pragmatism.

What exactly has Tempo changed? Rather than a technical iteration, it is more about a fundamental bifurcation in business models and protocol philosophy.

Execution Layer: EVM is just its "Interface Standard"

Tempo's strategy is highly strategic. It is essentially a deeply customized product of (the newly launched Fusaka) EVM + Reth SDK.

For developers, tools like Solidity, Foundry, and Hardhat are fully compatible, making it look like a standard Ethereum-compatible chain; but for protocol designers, it is a new species that reconstructs consensus, block structure, and system contracts using the Reth SDK.

This means: Tempo reuses Ethereum's vast developer ecosystem (EVM) at a low cost while completely discarding Ethereum's historical baggage at the underlying level. It borrows Ethereum's "universal language" to tell its entirely different "story."

Asset Model: Transitioning from "Currency Protocol" to "Cloud Service Architecture"

This is the most radical and disruptive aspect of Tempo: it has "abstracted" the concept of the native token (ETH) at the protocol level.

In Ethereum's worldview, ETH is currency and also the security cornerstone of the protocol. But in Tempo, eth_getBalance is hardcoded as a constant, and the related opcode is invalid. There is no native volatile asset as Gas; only TIP-20 stablecoins.

Ethereum Model: Blockspace is a scarce resource, and users must hold native tokens to participate in bidding (Gas War).

Tempo Model: Blockspace is a standardized service, and Gas is settled in dollar costs through Fee AMM.

Tempo essentially transforms L1 from a "digital oil economy" into a cloud service model similar to AWS. Users do not need to hold volatile assets to pay for computing costs; they only need to pay with stablecoins. This is a correction to the "Fat Protocol" theory, yet it is a threshold that must be crossed to achieve large-scale payments.

Transaction Structure: Lowering "Middleware" to "Infrastructure"

Ethereum's current account abstraction (AA) scheme primarily involves complex middleware stacking through standards like ERC-4337 and 7702 on top of the protocol.

After reviewing these architectures, Tempo chose to write them directly into the genesis consensus. Tempo Transactions are no longer limited to the traditional EOA model; it natively supports at the protocol level:

Native multi-signature and device keys: Directly supports P-256 (like FaceID) signatures without needing to go through a smart contract wallet.

Atomic sponsorship (Fee Sponsor): The payer, signer, and executor can be separated at the underlying data structure level.

Concurrency and scheduling: Supports multiple sets of Nonce for parallel submission, even including time window logic.

What requires "contract + Bundler + Paymaster" multi-party coordination on Ethereum to achieve a Web2-level experience becomes the factory default setting at the protocol layer in Tempo.

Block Space: Shifting from "General Computing" to "Dedicated Settlement"

Ethereum's design philosophy leans towards "generality," where DeFi arbitrage trading and NFT minting share the same Gas Limit pool.

Tempo clearly believes this is a compromise in efficiency for payment networks. It introduces Simplex BFT and implements strict resource isolation in the block structure:

Blockspace Layering: generalgas and sharedgas are logically isolated and do not encroach on each other.

System-level priority: Key system transactions like stablecoin DEX, reward distribution, and Fee Manager have reserved space and absolute priority in the block.

Tempo is not trying to build another "general world computer"; it is creating a high-performance dedicated settlement network. By sacrificing some generality, it gains the determinism and high throughput necessary for a "payment network."

Conclusion

Understanding Tempo allows one to grasp Paradigm's judgment on future infrastructure. If you are still struggling with whether it is sufficiently "decentralized," you may have already deviated from its core narrative.

Tempo does not intend to become the next Ethereum; it disassembles Ethereum, retains the core EVM engine, replaces it with Web2-level underlying architecture, and conveys a clear message to the market:

We aim to end ideological debates and build an efficient settlement layer that can truly support a billion-level user base.

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