As is well known, a truly decentralized public chain L1 will face an impossible triangle (unable to balance security, scalability, and decentralization at the same time), and decentralization is one of the most important value foundations of Ethereum, which is also the aspect that Ethereum has been adhering to. Ethereum has always hoped to eventually run on ordinary household hardware, with over tens of thousands of nodes and millions of validators. Ethereum's insistence on decentralization has also led to relatively slow progress in L1 performance, ultimately resulting in the development of L1 and L2 architectures. However, L2 currently faces issues of liquidity fragmentation and insufficient value capture. How to solve the inherent dilemma of Ethereum blockchain (inability to balance security, scalability, and decentralization)? One important aspect is the use of ZK proof techniques. The core of ZK proof is to allow for a large number of calculations or transactions to be performed off chain, and then only submit a concise proof on chain to prove that these executions are correct without revealing all details. The advantage of doing so is that it can enhance scalability and decentralization while inheriting security. For example, using zkVM to expand L1/L2 while also facilitating L2 liquidity splitting; ZK proof is encrypted and secure, ensuring that off chain execution will not encounter errors. Once proven invalid, it will be rejected and inherit the original security of Ethereum; If it is ultimately proven that generation and validation are efficient and cost-effective, and that ordinary hardware (such as mobile phones or home computers) can participate in node validation, then there is an opportunity to further enhance decentralization. The core product SP1 (Succinct Proofs 1) recently launched by Succinct (an infrastructure project focused on ZK proofs) is a high-performance zkVM (zero knowledge virtual machine) that supports developers to write arbitrary programs in Rust language and generate ZK proofs to prove the correctness of program execution without rewriting circuits. This is of great help to the Ethereum ecosystem in solving the impossible triangle problem. Specifically, Succinct can help expand Ethereum by: firstly, its SP1 is a high-performance zkVM that supports program execution proofs in any LLVM compiled language, making it suitable for Rollups, Coprocessor, and zkEVM scenarios. Succinct's SP1 supports fast proof generation, and according to current official claims, it can achieve real-time speed generation of Ethereum proofs, which is almost close to "real-time proof" technology. According to current official testing descriptions, in a benchmark test of 10000 Ethereum blocks, more than 93% of the blocks can generate proofs within 12 seconds. The benchmark test used a cluster of approximately 200 NVDIA RTX 4090 GPUs to achieve the above performance. Running a complete real-time proof cluster requires approximately 160 RTX 4090 GPUs, with a current construction cost of around $300000 to $400000. Through hardware optimization and improvements to the proof system, there is an opportunity to reduce the cost to around $100000 in the future. In addition, Succinct is also a decentralized prover network that can reduce the cost and latency of Ethereum verification by separating computation and verification. The ultimate goal is to enable ordinary nodes or mobile phones to participate in verification proofs, supporting Ethereum's expansion to more validators. Finally, ZK technology will also enable more application scenarios, such as identity verification, privacy transactions, cross chain operations, and so on. In summary, ZK technology is a very important part of Ethereum's journey towards 10000tps.