A trade dispute is intensifying among the United States, Canada, Mexico, and China in the wake of new tariffs introduced by the U.S. government. On Feb. 2, President Donald Trump declared on social media platform X:

Today, I have implemented a 25% Tariff on Imports from Mexico and Canada (10% on Canadian Energy), and a 10% additional Tariff on China.

The Trump administration attributed these measures to concerns regarding illegal immigration and the surge of fentanyl entering the country.

Washington released a fact sheet on Feb. 1 detailing its justification for the tariffs, underscoring what it described as a national emergency caused by drug trafficking and unauthorized border crossings. Officials pointed to the persistent flow of fentanyl and other illicit substances into the U.S. and criticized the roles of Mexico, Canada, and China in exacerbating the crisis.

Ottawa responded by announcing retaliatory tariffs on U.S. exports. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau revealed that Canada would impose a 25% tariff on $155 billion worth of American goods, covering products such as beer, wine, bourbon, fruits, fruit juices, vegetables, perfume, clothing, and shoes. Trudeau condemned the U.S. tariffs, arguing that they pose risks to both nations’ economies by increasing costs and threatening employment. He stressed:

We will not back down.

Mexico’s government also reacted with countermeasures against U.S. imports. President Claudia Sheinbaum directed Economy Minister Marcelo Ebrard to enact “Plan B,” which consists of both tariff and non-tariff policies aimed at protecting Mexico’s economic interests. Rejecting allegations of government collusion with criminal organizations, Sheinbaum proposed diplomatic efforts to address drug trafficking, emphasizing that tariffs would not provide a solution. She stated: “Mexico does not want confrontation … Imposing tariffs will not resolve anything.”

China also strongly opposes the tariffs but has not announced any retaliatory measures. The 10% tax on its imports to the U.S. will be added to existing tariffs imposed during Trump’s first term and Biden’s presidency. A spokesperson at China’s Washington embassy stated that trade and tariff wars have no winners.

Previously, Trump suggested that Canada’s economic survival depended on U.S. support and floated the idea of incorporating Canada as the 51st U.S. state to eliminate tariffs. Writing on Truth Social on Feb. 2, he stated:

We pay hundreds of billions of dollars to subsidize Canada. Why? There is no reason … Without this massive subsidy, Canada ceases to exist as a viable Country.

Trump added: “Harsh but true! Therefore, Canada should become our Cherished 51st State. Much lower taxes, and far better military protection for the people of Canada — And no tariffs!”

Mounting trade tensions have sparked concerns over economic repercussions, with experts cautioning that the tariffs could lead to rising consumer prices and supply chain disruptions. Analysts predict that all affected economies could experience inflationary pressures and job losses as a result of the escalating trade measures.

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