China and Russia vetoed the resolution to extend the authorization of the United Nations' Iran sanctions monitoring group.

On September 17, the United Nations Security Council voted on the extension of the Iran sanctions expert group's mandate, resulting in 11 votes in favor, with China and Russia casting vetoes, and Pakistan and Somalia abstaining. The resolution did not pass. This expert group is responsible for investigating whether Iran has violated UN sanctions and submitting reports to the Security Council.

The disagreements behind this issue stem from the question of the resumption of sanctions against Iran by Europe and the United States in 2025. The West believes that Iran has violated the 2015 nuclear agreement, so they are restoring UN sanctions through snapback. China and Russia have consistently denied the legitimacy of this procedure and therefore do not recognize the continued extension of the sanctions monitoring mechanism based on this ground.

The United States believes that after the veto by China and Russia, there will be a greater oversight gap in the enforcement of Iran sanctions. Meanwhile, China and Russia argue that the West has politicized the Security Council and the sanctions mechanism, asserting that the Iran nuclear issue should be resolved through diplomatic negotiations. In fact, this expert group has not functioned properly over the past year due to disagreements over personnel.

Considering the current backdrop of U.S.-Iran conflict, this also indicates that the division within the Security Council regarding the Iran issue is becoming increasingly apparent. The United States and Europe wish to continue applying pressure through sanctions, while China and Russia do not accept the legal basis for the restoration of existing sanctions, making it progressively more difficult to form a unified sanctions and monitoring mechanism against Iran through the UN.

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