1. I have always had a point that I find difficult to understand. If Ethereum wants to promote quickly, the transaction fees must be relatively low. If the price of Ethereum rises, it means that the fees during transactions will also be high. This creates a paradox with its price increase.

"If the price of Ethereum rises, it means that the fees during transactions will also be high. This creates a paradox with its price increase"—this is not only an issue for Ethereum, but for all public chains.

To solve this problem, different public chains have come up with different methods, and all these methods ultimately boil down to two paths:

• Sacrificing decentralization in operation to achieve faster speed and lower fees.

• Not sacrificing decentralization in operation and holding on to the end.

Other smart contract public chains, besides Ethereum, have all taken the first path.

Ethereum rejected the first path, but as a result, the fees have become increasingly high, forcing many projects to exit its ecosystem and move to much cheaper public chains.

However, because Ethereum has the advantage of being the first, it initially formed an ecosystem, leading to the situation where, despite its rising fees, it can still attract many new projects.

But if the problem of high fees is not resolved, it will eventually cost the ecosystem, which is why Vitalik proposed Ethereum 2.0, which later evolved into Ethereum's layer 2 scaling solution.

This is the solution today.

In the system of mainnet + layer 2 scaling, the negative impact of high mainnet fees is greatly reduced, as it can fully rely on layer 2 scaling to absorb and digest.

There are many real-life examples of this solution.

The housing prices in Beijing are high, but the resource advantages in other aspects are too obvious, so even though it raises people's living costs, it cannot stop the explosive growth of its urban ecosystem.

The fundamental reason is that once people find opportunities in Beijing, the wealth effect they can bring will far outweigh the costs.

But as the costs of the city and other issues become more prominent, it has begun to build surrounding satellite cities, allowing people to work in Beijing and live in the satellite cities.

This way, the issue of high living costs in Beijing can be mitigated.

To achieve this effect, an important point is to ensure smooth transportation and convenient commuting between Beijing and the satellite cities.

Ethereum is the same:

When mainnet fees rise, let layer 2 scaling take on a lot of the "peripheral business," as long as layer 2 scaling can reliably connect to and depend on the mainnet's security, it can obtain the ecosystem resources from the mainnet.

2. Will Ethereum be recruited by the Americans?

We can start thinking about this issue from the most basic logic.

When a person/organization/group faces an external threat, they will immediately evaluate this threat in their mind:

If the threat comes from a weak opponent, then my inner response is only laughter and contempt. Who are you? Do you even qualify to threaten me?

If the threat comes from an opponent of equal strength, then I will pause and think carefully, analyzing their true strength. If I determine that they are just making trouble, I will basically ignore them; if I think they have a slight advantage, I may prepare a bit and greet the challenge with hard battles and fierce fights.

If the threat comes from an opponent that can easily overpower me, I will immediately surrender.

If there comes a day when Ethereum is at risk of being recruited by the Americans, it must mean that the U.S. government believes it has the complete capability to eliminate Ethereum by national power or already has some strength to eliminate Ethereum after tough battles.

Regardless of which of these two situations it is, this has been a core point emphasized by Vitalik several years ago (I remember it was around 2017-2019) when planning Ethereum 2.0, and it is also a core point I have repeatedly shared in articles:

Can Ethereum withstand attacks from national powers?

Can Ethereum withstand a third world war?

At that time, I had not seen any other public chain leader with such forward-looking ideas, nor had I seen the U.S. government produce such advanced thoughts.

This core idea has consistently run through Ethereum's subsequent upgrades and developments.

Therefore, I believe that even if Ethereum currently or in the future does not fully possess the ability to withstand attacks from the U.S. government, it will still be the last smart contract public chain to be completely conquered or recruited by the U.S. government.

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