It seems that A16z is particularly fond of investing in the Layer1 public chain, and there is a shadow of A16z behind the king Layer1 on the field. So, what other Layer1 public chains invested by A16z are currently on the market that have not yet undergone TGE and can still participate? one ️⃣ Linera @ linera_io ➜ Make blockchain faster and cheaper ① @ linera_io is a blockchain protocol that considers low latency applications. The project draws on academic research initiated by Facebook/Novi and has received $12 million in funding led by A16Z. ② How to understand what Linera does? Blockchain is like a big ledger that records everyone's transactions. But traditional ledgers (such as Bitcoin and Ethereum) process transactions very slowly. What Linera wants to solve is the "speed problem", and Linera's secret is "multithreading": imagine you go to the supermarket to check out, there will be a long queue at only one checkout counter, while Linera opens 100 checkout counters at the same time, each with their own small ledger, and finally merges the results. This is so fast that transactions can be completed in the blink of an eye, and the cost is extremely low. 👉 Linera is suitable for small payments, games, and real-time applications that require frequent operations. two ️⃣ Espresso Systems makes blockchain both private and controllable ① EspressoSys is a blockchain compatible with EVM, raising $60 million with a16z leading the investment and Coinbase, Polychain, and other investors. ② How to understand what Espresso Systems does? Blockchain is usually open and transparent (everyone can see the ledger), but sometimes we want to protect privacy, such as hiding transfer amounts. Espresso Systems is like a "smart envelope": you put transaction information into the envelope, and others can only see the stamped confirmation (ensuring authenticity) of the envelope, but cannot see what is specifically written inside. Even more impressive, it can selectively open envelopes according to rules (such as cooperating with regulatory reviews), balancing privacy and compliance requirements. 👉 Espresso Systems is suitable for: confidential transactions for enterprises, private remittances for individuals, or scenarios where governments need regulation but do not want to invade privacy.