No consensus mechanism requiredYes, it is just a simple off chain calculation, and then relies on fraud proof to ensure that the off chain calculation will not be falsified. So, how is a transaction packaged on OP? 1. The off chain EVM (execution layer) is used to perform operations, which is no different from ETH L1; 2. Do not go through consensus, go directly to the sorter (settlement layer), and optimistically believe that the sorter will not do anything wrong; 3. Accumulate a certain amount and report back to ETH L1 (DA layer). Due to OP not following consensus, it is fast. 3、 Next, let's talk about why Solana is fast? Solana also needs to take two steps: 1. SVM (Execution Layer) first calculates the result 2. Then hand it over to the PoS node (consensus layer) for approval and packaging Solana's consensus is Tower BFT. Unlike ETH, ETH has low threshold requirements for nodes in order to achieve decentralization, while Tower BFT has high requirements for node configuration. So Solana has fewer and more concentrated nodes, resulting in a peak TPS of over 4000. Of course, there is controversy here. Solana, when calculating TPS, is a bit like a teenage boy showing off how many girlfriends he has had. It also includes some communication between nodes, and the actual number of transactions processed is about 400. Although SVM, which was born later, is naturally faster than EVM, for example SVM can execute transactions in parallel, while EVM processes transactions with a single thread. However, Solana's performance bottleneck is still caused by the consensus mechanism, rather than SVM issues. 4、 Finally, let's talk about SOON What if Solana's consensus mechanism is also lost? So naturally, it will also break through the TPS bottleneck. This is what SOON is doing. It, like OP, modified Solana's client and removed Solana's consensus mechanism, becoming: 1. The off chain SVM (execution layer) is used to complete the operation, which is no different from Solana L1; 2. Do not follow consensus, go directly to the sorter (settlement layer), optimistically believe that the sorter will not do anything wrong 3. Accumulate a certain amount and report back to ETH L1 (DA layer) That's why its peak TPS can surpass Solana ontology directly to 80000, because it removes the old bottleneck. Previously, @ 0xAndrewz had an article that detailed decoupling SVM as a process of L2. If you are interested, you can also go and read it. Although there is no shortage of high-performance public chains on the market, this approach combined with technological implementation still makes sense and is an interesting evolution.