Drake explained the expansion of the Ethereum mainnet very clearly in this article. Ethereum aims to achieve a main network TPS of 10000, L2 sum of one million, and requires a major update at the blood level in all three layers (execution layer, data layer, and consensus layer). 1. Execution layer: Gradually replace the old EVM and use EVM 2.0, also known as Risc-V, which can be understood as a very low-level design similar to Intel CPUs. 2. Data layer: making blob better and cheaper, helping L2 increase funding. 3. Consensus layer: Replace with a new beacon chain, namely the beam chain, which can resist quantum, ZK, support 1 ETH staking, fast block confirmation, etc., and can solve all current technical debts in one go. These three layers were simultaneously improved, and together they are called the Ethereum Lean ETH plan. There is now an open worksheet to see how these major updates are progressing. However, overall, these workloads are enormous and some results will not be seen until at least 2027.