Great question! I think there are four main directions to address the motivation issue for Bitcoin miners 20 years from now: 1. Increase transaction fees as a supplement to block rewards; 2. Bitcoin price goes up; 3. Advances in global energy and chip technology lead to lower electricity costs; 4. Implement a transfer tax of 0.01%-0.02%, which could significantly solve the block reward shortage. These four directions don’t conflict with each other—they can work together. Plus: Direction 1 explains why Core no longer opposes things like inscriptions and Runes; Direction 2 depends on global collective efforts—Bitcoin’s market cap is still 11x away from gold; Direction 3 relies on advancements in nuclear energy, hydrogen energy, and solar energy. For chips, it’s up to TSMC. Right now, the 3nm process is pretty mature, and 2nm has already made breakthroughs. Just think, only a few years ago we were still using 14nm mining rigs . Direction 4 isn’t needed for now, but if it becomes necessary, Core can propose it, miners can vote, and the support speed should be pretty fast.